Announcement New Article about Typhoid Fever Infection in U.S. Travelers Highlights Travel Risks in Certain Destinations

This information is current as of today, October 05, 2009 at 03:09 EDT

Released: September 09, 2009

An article by CDC researchers was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) on August 26, 2009. Researchers studied U.S. patients who had typhoid fever during 1999-2006. Most of these people had traveled to a foreign country within a month of getting sick. In these patients, typhoid fever infection that was resistant to usual antibiotic treatments was common. Most antibiotic-resistant infections were in people who had recently traveled to South Asia (specifically India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh).

Information for Travelers

Typhoid fever is a severe disease caused by Salmonella Typhi bacteria. It is usually spread to people through contaminated food or water. If you are traveling to a country where there is a risk of typhoid fever (especially in South Asia), it is important to take the following steps to protect yourself from getting typhoid fever.

Get vaccinated

Before you travel, get a typhoid vaccine.

  • CDC recommends typhoid vaccine for all persons traveling to countries where typhoid fever is a risk. (Go to the Destination page for the country where you will be traveling to see if typhoid vaccine is recommended for your trip.)
  • Typhoid vaccines protect about 80% of persons who receive them and are recommended no matter how long your trip.

Because vaccines alone cannot completely protect you from developing typhoid fever, choose safe food and beverages during your trip.

Choose safe foods

During your trip—

  • Eat foods that are fully cooked and served hot.
  • Eat and drink only dairy products that have been pasteurized.
  • Eat only fruits and vegetables that you can wash with clean water and peel yourself.
  • Do not eat food from street vendors.

Remember, if you are visiting friends and family, there are polite ways to let them know that you are unable to eat certain foods without rejecting their hospitality.

Choose safe beverages

During your trip—

  • Drink beverages that have been bottled and sealed (water, carbonated drinks, or sports drinks) or have been boiled (water, tea, or coffee).
  • Tap water may be treated with filters or chlorine or iodine tablets that you can buy at stores in the U.S. to make it safe to drink. You can pack these items along with other supplies in your travel health kit.
  • Do not put ice in your drinks.

See a doctor

If you are sick with symptoms of typhoid fever during or after your trip, see a doctor who can advise you about any medicines you might need to take. If you are seeing a doctor after your trip, be sure to tell the doctor that you traveled outside the United States and where you were.

For more information about protecting yourself against typhoid fever, see the Typhoid Fever section of CDC’s Yellow Book or see the article Typhoid Fever in the United States, 1999-2006 by CDC researchers in the August 26, 2009 issue of JAMA, 302(8):859-865.

Information for Health-Care Providers

It is important to vaccinate patients who are traveling to areas where there is a risk of typhoid infection. Two vaccines are available in the United States (Vivotif vaccine manufactured by Crucell/Berna and Typhim Vi, manufactured by sanofi pasteur). Counseling patients about safe food and water precautions is also important.

Information from the JAMA article highlighted above emphasizes the need to carefully consider treatment options for patients who present with typhoid fever. Treatment should be closely monitored for the patient’s response, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be done at a clinical diagnostic laboratory if needed.

For more information about daily health tips,diet health tips,eating health tips,child health tips,health tips for kids,tips for health,latest health tips,best health tip,health news tips,summer health tips,best health tips,women health tips pre-travel recommendations, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, see the Typhoid Fever section of CDC’s Yellow Book and the article Typhoid Fever in the United States, 1999-2006 by CDC researchers in the August 26, 2009 issue of JAMA, 302(8):859-865.

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